Method and definitions
Two-sided pooled two-proportion z test: pooled p = (conversions A + B) ÷ (visitors A + B); SE = sqrt(p × (1 − p) × (1/nA + 1/nB)); z = (rate B − rate A) ÷ SE. The difference interval uses unpooled standard error and 1.96. Sample planning uses 95% confidence, 80% power and equal allocation.
Use independent random assignment, unique binary conversion counts and a preplanned fixed horizon. This normal approximation requires at least 5 observed successes and failures in each arm; otherwise inference is unavailable. Do not repeatedly peek or test many variants without correction. Statistical significance does not measure practical value. Sample size assumes a two-sided test, equal allocation and the chosen baseline and relative lift.
Reference: NIST two-proportion test.